Calidad percibida de la educación a distancia durante la pandemia COVID-19 por estudiantes de posgrado de una facultad de medicina

Introducción. Al decretar el gobierno la cuarentena obligatoria durante la pandemia COVID-19 se inició una nueva forma de ejercer la labor pedagógica de manera sincrónica o asincrónica. Objetivos. Conocer a través de los niveles de insatisfacción, la calidad percibida de la educación a distancia durante la pandemia COVID-19 por los estudiantes del posgrado. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional. La población estuvo conformada por 403 estudiantes, las variables fueron calidad percibida y educación a distancia. Se aplicó el análisis de la estadística descriptiva y el análisis univariado. Resultados. El nivel de satisfacción de la calidad percibida de la educación a distancia de los 413 estudiantes fue de indiferencia en el 45,7%, en el 12,5% fue de insatisfacción y en el 41,8% fue de satisfacción. El nivel de satisfacción de la calidad percibida le correspondió mayoritariamente al entorno del aprendizaje virtual e información recibida y contenido del aula virtual, mientras que el mayor nivel de indiferencia le correspondió a la educación a distancia (78,0%), neuropedagogía (51,1%) y docente (45,8%). Conclusiones. La satisfacción respondió al entorno, a la información y materiales, mientras la insatisfacción a la adaptación de estrategias pedagógicas y materiales a la virtualidad.

Introduction. When the government decreed the mandatory quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic, a new way of exercising the pedagogical work in a synchronous or asynchronous way was initiated. Objectives. To know through the levels of dissatisfaction the perceived quality of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic by postgraduate students. Methods. A descriptive observational study was carried out. The population consisted of 403 students, the variables were perceived quality and distance education. Descriptive statistics analysis and univariate analysis were applied. Results. Level of satisfaction with the perceived quality of distance education of the 413 students was indifference in 45.7%, dissatisfaction in 12.5% and satisfaction in 41.8%. The level of satisfaction of perceived quality corresponded mostly to the virtual learning environment and information received and content of the virtual classroom, while the highest level of indifference corresponded to distance education (78%), neuropedagogy (51.1%) and teacher (45.8%). Conclusions. Satisfaction responded to the environment, information, and materials, while dissatisfaction to the adaptation of pedagogical strategies and materials to virtuality.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Silver Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Non-Neurological and Neurological Distemper in Dogs: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), a multisystemic infectious disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate in dogs. Nanotechnology represents a development opportunity for new molecules with antiviral effects that may become effective treatments in veterinary medicine. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in 207 CDV, naturally infected, mixed-breed dogs exhibiting clinical signs of the non-neurological and neurological phases of the disease. Group 1a included 52 dogs (experimental group) diagnosed with non-neurologic distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. Group 1b included 46 dogs (control group) diagnosed with non-neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. Group 2a included 58 dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with 3% oral and nasal AgNPs in addition to supportive therapy. Group 2b included 51 dogs (control group) diagnosed with clinical signs of neurological distemper treated with supportive therapy only. Efficacy was measured by the difference in survival rates: in Group 1a, the survival rate was 44/52 (84.6%), versus 7/46 in Group 1b (15.2%), while both showed clinical signs of non-neurological distemper. The survival rate of dogs with clinical signs of neurological distemper in Group 2a (38/58; 65.6%) was significantly higher than those in Control Group 2b (0/51; 0%). No adverse reactions were detected in experimental groups treated with AgNPs. AgNPs significantly improved survival in dogs with clinical signs of neurological and non-neurological distemper. The use of AgNPs in the treatment of neurological distemper led to a drastic increase in the proportion of dogs recovered without sequels compared to dogs treated without AgNPs. The evidence demonstrates that AgNP therapy can be considered as a targeted treatment in dogs severely affected by canine distemper virus.

Evaluation of silver nanoparticles for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers: In vitro and in vivo.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital areas is of a particular concern, since the close interaction between health care personnel and patients diagnosed with COVID-19, which allows virus to be easily spread between them and subsequently to their families and communities. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel is essential to reduce the frequency of infections and outbreaks during the pandemic considering that they work in high-risk areas. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were tested in vitro and shown to have an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection in cultured cells. Subsequently, we assess the effects of mouthwash and nose rinse with ARGOVIT® silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 contagion in health workers consider as high-risk group of acquiring the infection in the General Tijuana Hospital, Mexico, a hospital for the exclusive recruitment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We present a prospective randomized study of 231 participants that was carried out for 9 weeks (during the declaration of a pandemic). The "experimental" group was instructed to do mouthwash and nose rinse with the AgNPs solution; the "control" group was instructed to do mouthwashes and nose rinse in a conventional way. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly lower in the "experimental" group (two participants of 114, 1.8%) compared to the "control" group (thirty-three participants of 117, 28.2%), with an 84.8% efficiency. We conclude that the mouth and nasal rinse with AgNPs helps in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health personnel who are exposed to patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as First Manifestation of Rhupus.

"Rhupus" syndrome is a rare condition that describes the coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which prevalence among patients with SLE varies from 0.01% to 9.7%. There are few reported cases of the association between autoimmune hemolytic anemia and rheumatoid arthritis with systemic lupus erythematosus (rhupus). We report a rare case of rhupus in a 29-year-old woman, associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Actitud hacia la ética profesional en estudiantes de postgrado de una facultad de medicina / Attitude to professional ethics in medicine postgraduate students of a medical school

RESUMEN Introducción. La profesión médica ha dejado de ser respetada por la sociedad como consecuencia del comportamiento no profesional de muchos de sus miembros, por la deshumanización, la corrupción y por la cosificación de la medicina al priorizar lo económico y el bienestar personal a lo social. Objetivos. Conocer la actitud hacia la ética profesional en estudiantes del postgrado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando como instrumento la escala de actitudes sobre ética profesional. Resultados. La actitud hacia la ética profesional fue positiva en el 81,5% e indiferente en el 18,5%. La actitud positiva hacia la ética profesional en las competencias cognitiva y técnica, sociales, éticas y afectivo emocionales fue de 88,8%, 69,2%, 80% y 87,7%, respectivamente. Conclusión. La actitud hacia la ética profesional fue positiva en el 81,5% e indiferente en el 18,5%.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The medical profession has ceased to be respected by society as a consequence of the unprofessional behavior of many of its members, due to dehumanization, corruption and the reification of medicine by prioritizing the economic and personal well-being over the social. Objective. To know the attitude towards professional ethics in postgraduate students of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Methods. A descriptive, cross sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out, using the scale of attitudes on professional ethics as an instrument. Results. The attitude towards professional ethics was positive in 81,5% and indifferent in 18,5%. The positive attitude towards professional ethics in cognitive and technical, social, ethical, and emotional-emotional competencies was 88,8%, 69,2%, 80%, and 87,7%, respectively. Conclusion. The attitude towards professional ethics was positive in 81,5% and indifferent in 18,5%.

Significado de los valores profesionales en docentes y estudiantes de enfermería, UNMSM - 2014 / Significance of professional values in nursing teachers and students, UNMSM - 2014

Objetivo. Interpretar el significado de los valores profesionales en docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Metodología. Enfoque cualitativo, método descriptivo-interpretativo. El análisis fue ideográfico y nomotético. Muestra por criterio de saturación y entrevista a profundidad a 12 docentes, y 16 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de estudios constituidos en tres grupo focales. Resultados. Por objetivación y anclaje y dentro del entorno académico-administrativo, emergió la representación social del significado de los valores profesionales a través de cinco categorías y subcategorías. En Docentes: teniendo valores personales: amor, respeto, vocación profesional, responsabilidad y amistad, y valores inherentes al quehacer profesional: amor, responsabilidad, respeto, capacidad intelectual, justicia, y compromiso social. Estudiantes: teniendo valores personales: amor, respeto, amistad; y valores inherentes al quehacer profesional: desarrollando y consolidando la vocación; teniendo conocimiento científico, amor, respeto, amistad, responsabilidad, justicia, puntualidad. Conclusiones. Para docentes y estudiantes los valores profesionales significan tener como base valores personales de carácter moral y valores éticos inherentes al quehacer profesional, donde destacaron: amor, vocación, responsabilidad, respeto, amistad, justicia, conocimiento científico, aprendizaje de valores con ejemplo y modelo de docentes.

Objective. To interpret the significance of professional values in students and teachers of the Nursing School at Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Methods. Qualitative, descriptive-interpretative study. The analysis was ideographic and nomothetic. Sample by saturation criterion, and in depth interview to 12 teachers and 16 students of 4th and 5th year of studies assembled in three focus groups. Results. By objectification and anchoring and within the academic and administrative environment, the social representation of the meaning of professional values emerged in five categories and subcategories. In Teachers: having personal values: love, respect, professional vocation, responsibility and friendship, and values inherent to the professional work: love, responsibility, respect, intellectual ability, justice, and social commitment. In Students: having personal values: love, respect, friendship; and values inherent to the professional work: developing and consolidating the vocation; taking scientific knowledge, love, respect, friendship, responsibility, justice, punctuality. Conclusions. For teachers and students professional values were based on personal moral and ethical values inherent to the professional work, including love, dedication, responsibility, respect, friendship, justice, scientific knowledge, learning values by example and teachers as models.

Significado de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor para sí mismo y para su familia / Quality of life meaning for the older adult and his family

Objetivo: Comprender el significado que la expresión lingüística æcalidad de vida del adulto mayorÆ tiene para el adulto mayor y para su familia. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, interpretativo - comprensivo, fundamentado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Lugar: Asentamiento Humano Laura Caller, en Los Olivos. Participantes: Adultos mayores y sus respectivos grupos familiares. Métodos: Las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados fueron la observación, entrevista a profundidad y grupos focales; guía de observación y dos cuestionarios con ocho preguntas norteadoras, previamente validados. Principales medidas de resultados: Significado de calidad de vida para el adulto mayor y para la familia. Resultados: Participaron dieciséis adultos mayores con sus respectivos grupos familiares, entre 2004 y 2006. Los discursos a través de la æobjetivaciónÆ y el æanclajeÆ y los análisis general, ideográfico-axial y nomotético-selectivo permitieron la emergencia de cuatro representaciones sociales: a) conocimiento sobre la vejez y ser un adulto mayor; b) elementos principales y secundarios del significado de calidad de vida del adulto mayor; c) valores y actitudes del adulto mayor y familia sobre la calidad de vida; y, d) necesidades del adulto mayor como ser social y la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Para el adulto mayor, calidad de vida significa tener paz y tranquilidad, ser cuidado y protegido por la familia con dignidad, amor y respeto, y tener satisfechas como ser social sus necesidades de libre expresión, decisión, comunicación e información. Para la familia, que el adulto mayor satisfaga sus necesidades de alimentación, vestido, higiene y vivienda.

Objective: To understand the meaning that the linguistic expression æquality of life of the older adultÆ has for the older adult and his family. Design: Qualitative, descriptive, interpretative comprehensive study, based on the Theory of Social Representations. Setting: Asentamiento Humano Laura Caller, en Los Olivos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Older adults and their respective families. Methods: Techniques and instruments consisted in observation, in-depth and focal group interviews; observation guide and two questionnaires with eight previously validated open questions. Main outcome measures: Quality of life significance for the older adult and his family. Results: Between 2004 and 2006 sixteen older adults and their respective family groups participated. æObjectivityÆ and æanchorageÆ speeches and general, ideographic-axial and nomotetic-I analyses allowed the emergency of four social representations: a) knowledge on aging and being an older adult; b) main and secondaryelements on older adult quality of life meaning; c) older adult and family values and attitudes on quality of life; and, d) older adult needs as a social being and quality of life. Conclusions: To the older adult quality of life means to have peacefulness and tranquility; to be taken care of and protected by the family with dignity, love and respect; and as social being having satisfied his needs for free expression, decision, communication and information. For the family, that the older adult satisfies his feeding, dress, hygiene and house needs.